This thesis examines the critical factors that contributed to Botswana's economy moving from being among the poorest in the world to be among the fastest growing economies in the world. The study was conducted by comparing Botswana's policies to those of other African countries. Unlike most former British African colonies, when Botswana became independent in 1966 it had no infrastructure in place. African countries, save for Botswana, have rarely had sustained economic growth during their independence era. The methodology used in this thesis consisted of an analytical assessment of literature and critical synthesis of a model of economic growth relevant to Botswana. Throughout the research the focus is on how Botswana has differed from other African countries in approaching its economic development. The study found that because of political stability, sound management of the country's resources, timely changes to economic policies and appreciation of foreign aid Botswana was able to perform better than most African countries.