This thesis explores the contribution of the newly established International Criminal Court (ICC) treaty regime in the pursuit of universal international criminal accountability. It argues that in order to make international criminal law effective, domestic Courts or other judicial bodies must be able to secure the presence of the accused to stand trial. However, this thesis demonstrates that achieving the voluntary compliance of States with requests for the surrender of an indicted individual has often been difficult.In response to this problem, this thesis proposes that a voluntarist system, such as the ICC treaty regime, has the potential to help. This is because the international treaty regime reflects a shared commitment by States to key norms of international criminal law, and has a high degree of legitimacy. This thesis argues that the ICC treaty regime offers the best chance for achieving widespread compliance with the "surrender norm," and for "bringing international criminal law home."