This manual aims to familiarize states' senior policy makers with the fundamental human rights standards they are obliged to adhere to under international law when devising efforts to combat terrorism and extremism. The manual refers extensively to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, legal precedents that serve as working examples of how fundamental human rights law as set out by United Nations Conventions are applied in practical contexts. It gives in-depth guidance on, inter alia, the international frameworks protecting human rights and countering terrorism, extra-territorial application of international human rights obligations, and the rights to life, liberty, fair trial, privacy, freedom of expression and association, and how they may be respected in the context of countering terrorism. The impact of the absolute prohibitions on torture and ill-treatment are explained in the context of renditions, expulsions and extraditions.