Preface xiii
To the Learner / xiii
To the Instructor / xv
Special Resources to Accompany the Book / xvii
Additional Resources / xix
Acknowledgments / xxi
How to Use This Book / xxiii
How to Use the StudyWARETM / xxv
Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology 1
Overview of Introduction to Medical Terminology / 1
Vocabulary Related to the Introduction to Medical Terminology / 2
Primary Medical Terms / 3
Word Parts Are the Key / 3
Word Roots / 4
Suffixes / 5
Prefixes / 8
Determining Meanings on the Basis of Word Parts / 9
Medical Dictionary Use / 10
Pronunciation / 12
Spelling Is Always Important / 12
Singular and Plural Endings / 12
Basic Medical Terms to Describe Diseases / 12
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts / 12
Using Abbreviations / 16
Learning Exercises / 18
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 27
Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health
and Disease 28
Overview of the Human Body in Health and Disease / 28
Vocabulary Related to the Human Body in Health and Disease / 29
Anatomic Reference Systems / 30
Structures of the Body / 35
Cells / 35
Genetics / 37
Tissues / 39
Glands / 40
Body Systems and Related Organs / 41
Pathology / 41
Aging and Death / 43
General Medical Specialties Relating to Health and Disease / 44
Abbreviations Related to the Human Body in Health and Disease / 44
Learning Exercises / 46
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 55
Word Part Review 56
Word Part Practice Session / 56
Word Part Post-Test / 59
Chapter 3: The Skeletal System 63
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the
Skeletal System / 63
Vocabulary Related to the Skeletal System / 64
Structures and Functions of the Skeletal System / 65
The Structure of Bones / 65
Joints / 66
The Skeleton / 68
Medical Specialties Related to the Skeletal System / 77
Pathology of the Skeletal System / 77
Diagnostic Procedures of the Skeletal System / 84
Treatment Procedures of the Skeletal System / 84
Abbreviations Related to the Skeletal System / 87
Learning Exercises / 89
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 98
Chapter 4: The Muscular System 99
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the
Muscular System / 99
Vocabulary Related to the Muscular System / 100
Functions of the Muscular System / 101
Structures of the Muscular System / 101
Types of Muscle Tissue / 102
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation / 103
Contrasting Muscle Motion / 103
How Muscles Are Named / 105
Select Muscles and their Functions / 109
Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System / 109
Pathology of the Muscular System / 109
Diagnostic Procedures of the Muscular System / 115
Treatment Procedures of the Muscular System / 116
Abbreviations Related to the Muscular System / 117
Learning Exercises / 119
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 128
Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System 129
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the
Cardiovascular System / 129
Vocabulary Related to the Cardiovascular System / 130
Functions of the Cardiovascular System / 131
Structures of the Cardiovascular System / 131
The Blood Vessels / 137
Blood / 140
Medical Specialties Related to the Cardiovascular System / 142
Pathology of the Cardiovascular System / 142
Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System / 152
Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System / 153
Abbreviations Related to the Cardiovascular System / 157
Learning Exercises / 159
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 168
Chapter 6: The Lymphatic and Immune
Systems 169
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Lymphatic
and Immune Systems / 169
Vocabulary Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems / 170
Functions of the Lymphatic System / 171
Structures of the Lymphatic System / 171
Additional Structures of the Lymphatic System / 174
Functions and Structures of the Immune System / 176
Medical Specialties Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems / 178
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Lymphatic System / 178
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Immune System / 179
Treatment of the Immune System / 182
Pathogenic Organisms / 183
Oncology / 187
Cancer Treatments / 191
Abbreviations Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems / 193
Learning Exercises / 194
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 203
Chapter 7: The Respiratory System 204
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the
Respiratory System / 204
Vocabulary Related to the Respiratory System / 205
Functions of the Respiratory System / 206
Structures of the Respiratory System / 206
Respiration / 211
Medical Specialties Related to the Respiratory System / 212
Pathology of the Respiratory System / 213
Upper Respiratory Diseases / 215
Diagnostic Procedures of the Respiratory System / 221
Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System / 223
Abbreviations Related to the Respiratory System / 226
Learning Exercises / 227
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 236
Chapter 8: The Digestive System 237
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the
Digestive System / 237
Vocabulary Related to the Digestive System / 238
Structures of the Digestive System / 239
Digestion / 247
Medical Specialties Related to the Digestive System / 248
Pathology of the Digestive System / 248
Diagnostic Procedures of the Digestive System / 258
Treatment Procedures of the Digestive System / 258
Abbreviations Related to the Digestive System / 262
Learning Exercises / 264
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 273
Chapter 9: The Urinary System 274
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the
Urinary System / 274
Vocabulary Related to the Urinary System / 275
Functions of the Urinary System / 276
Structures of the Urinary System / 276
The Excretion of Urine / 279
Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System / 279
Pathology of the Urinary System / 280
Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System / 285
Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System / 287
Abbreviations Related to the Urinary System / 293
Learning Exercises / 295
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 304
Chapter 10: The Nervous System 305
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Nervous
System / 305
Vocabulary Related to the Nervous System / 306
Functions of the Nervous System / 307
Structures of the Nervous System / 307
The Central Nervous System / 310
The Peripheral Nervous System / 314
The Autonomic Nervous System / 316
Medical Specialties Related to the Nervous System / 316
Pathology of the Nervous System / 317
Diagnostic Procedures of the Nervous System / 324
Treatment Procedures of the Nervous System / 325
Mental Health / 326
Abbreviations Related to the Nervous System / 331
Learning Exercises / 333
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 343
Chapter 11: Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears 344
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of
the Eyes and Ears / 344
Vocabulary Related to the Special Senses / 345
Functions of the Eyes / 346
Structures of the Eyes / 346
Medical Specialties Related to the Eyes / 350
Pathology of the Eyes and Vision / 351
Diagnostic Procedures for Vision and the Eyes / 355
Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision / 356
Functions of the Ears / 357
Structures of the Ears / 358
Medical Specialties Related to the Ears / 359
Pathology of the Ears and Hearing / 360
Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing / 361
Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing / 362
Abbreviations Related to the Special Senses / 364
Learning Exercises / 366
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 375
Chapter 12: Skin: The Integumentary System 376
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Integumentary
System / 376
Vocabulary Related to the Integumentary System / 377
Functions of the Integumentary System / 378
The Structures of the Skin and Its Related Structures / 378
Medical Specialties Related to the Integumentary System / 381
Pathology of the Integumentary System / 382
Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System / 392
Treatment Procedures of the Integumentary System / 393
Abbreviations Related to the Integumentary System / 395
Learning Exercises / 397
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 406
Chapter 13: The Endocrine System 407
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Endocrine
System / 407
Vocabulary Related to the Endocrine System / 408
Functions of the Endocrine System / 409
Structures of the Endocrine System / 409
The Pituitary Gland / 409
The Pineal Gland / 411
The Thyroid Gland / 412
The Parathyroid Glands / 412
The Thymus / 412
The Pancreas (Pancreatic Islets) / 412
The Adrenal Glands / 413
The Gonads / 414
Medical Specialties Related to the Endocrine System / 415
Pathology of the Endocrine System / 415
Diagnostic Procedures Related to the Endocrine System / 421
Treatment Procedures Related to the Endocrine System / 421
Abbreviations Related to the Endocrine System / 422
Learning Exercises / 424
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 433
Chapter 14: The Reproductive Systems 434
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the
Reproductive Systems / 434
Vocabulary Related to the Reproductive Systems / 435
Terms Related to the Reproductive Systems of Both Sexes / 436
Functions of the Male Reproductive System / 436
Structures of the Male Reproductive System / 436
Medical Specialties Related to the Male Reproductive System / 438
Pathology of the Male Reproductive System / 439
Diagnostic Procedures of the Male Reproductive System / 440
Treatment Procedures of the Male Reproductive System / 440
Sexually Transmitted Diseases / 441
Functions of the Female Reproductive System / 442
Structures of the Female Reproductive System / 442
Terms Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth / 446
Medical Specialties Related to the Female Reproductive System and
Childbirth / 450
Pathology of the Female Reproductive System / 450
Pathology of Pregnancy and Childbirth / 453
Diagnostic Procedures of the Female Reproductive System / 454
Treatment Procedures of the Female Reproductive System / 455
Abbreviations Related to the Reproductive Systems / 458
Learning Exercises / 460
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 470
Chapter 15: Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear
Medicine, and Pharmacology 471
Overview of Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and
Pharmacology / 471
Vocabulary Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and
Pharmacology / 472
Diagnostic Procedures / 473
Recumbent Examination Positions / 477
Laboratory Tests / 477
Endoscopy / 480
Centesis / 481
Imaging Techniques / 481
Nuclear Medicine / 487
Pharmacology / 488
Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 491
Abbreviations Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and
Pharmacology / 493
Learning Exercises / 495
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 506
Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review 507
Overview of Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review / 507
Study Tips / 508
Review Session Answer Sheet / 509
Simulated Medical Terminology Final Test Answer Sheet / 510
Review Session / 511
Review Session Answer Key / 520
Simulated Final Test / 521
Simulated Medical Terminology Final Test Answer Key / 530
Appendix A: Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes / 531
Appendix B: Abbreviations and Their Meanings / 549
Appendix C: Glossary of Pathology and Procedures / 569
Index / 611
Flash Cards / 660