Universals an opinionated introduction by D. M. Armstrong Published in 1989, Westview Press (Boulder) Universals D. M. Armstrong Change Cover works: Universals By statement: D.M. Armstrong. Series: Focus series, Focus series (Westview Press) Source records: Library MARC record Library MARC record Library MARC record Language: English Pagination: xii, 148 p. : ISBN 10: 0813307635, 0813307724 LCCN: 89034723 Dewey: 111/.2 LC: B105.U5 A74 1989 Subject: Universals (Philosophy) Nominalism Realism Tropes (Philosophy)

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Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-143).

Table of contents

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	Preface		xi
1	The Problem		1
I	Introduction		1
II	Class Nominalism		8
III	Theories		14
IV	Methodology		18
2	Primitive Natural Classes		21
I	How Is It Determined that a Class is Natural?		21
II	Degrees of Naturalness		23
III	The Coextension Problem		25
IV	Wolterstorff's Argument from the Identity Conditions of Classes		27
V	Types Determine Classes, Not Classes Types		27
VI	The Causal Argument		28
VII	The Problem About Relations		29
VIII	Higher-Order Types		32
IX	The Appartatus of the Natural Class Theory		36
3	Resemblance Nominalism		39
I	Properties of Resemblance		39
II	That Resemblance Is an Internal Relation and the Consequences of This		43
III	Constructing a Resemblance Class		47
IV	Identity Conditions for Classes Are No Problem		48
V	Does Resemblance Determine Type?		49
VI	The Causal Argument		49
VII	The Coextension Problem Again		50
VIII	Relations		51
IX	Higher-Order Types		52
X	The Resemblance Regress		53
XI	The Apparatus of the Resemblance Theory		57
4	Particulars as Bundles of Universals		59
I	Substance-Attribute Versus Bundle Theories		59
II	The Identity of Indiscernibles		64
III	Problems of Constructing the Bundle		70
IV	A Further Problem with Compresence		72
V	Can Universals Be the Substance of the World?		73
5	Universals as Attributes		75
I	Uninstantiated Universals?		75
II	Disjunctive, Negative, and Conjunctive Universals		82
III	Predicates and Universals		84
IV	States of Affairs		88
V	A World of States of Affairs?		93
VI	The Thin and the Thick Particular		94
VII	Universals as Ways		96
VIII	Multiple Location		98
IX	Higher-Order Types		99
X	The Formal Properties of Resemblance		102
XI	Resemblance Between Universals		103
XII	The Fundamental Tie		108
XIII	The Apparatus of an Attribute Theory of Universals		111
6	Tropes		113
I	Substances Versus Bundles		113
II	States of Affairs Again		116
III	Tropes and the Problem of Universals		119
IV	Tropes as Substitutes for Univerals		121
V	A Trope Substitute for the Resemblance of Universals		122
VI	Trope Nominalism Versus "Regular" Nominalism		125
VII	Bundles Versus Substance-Attribute Again		127
VIII	Natural Classes of Tropes Versus Resemblances		128
IX	Swapping of Tropes		131
X	Tropes with Universals		132
7	Summing Up		135
	References		141
	Index		145